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BEyond the Rink (2025)

In 1951, after winning the Thunder Bay district championship, the Sioux Lookout Black Hawks hockey team from Pelican Lake Indian Residential School embarked on a whirlwind promotional tour through Ottawa and Toronto. They were accompanied by a professional photographer from the National Film Board who documented the experience. The tour was intended to demonstrate the success of the residential school system and introduce the Black Hawks to “civilizing” activities and the “benefits” of assimilating into Canadian society. For some of the boys, it was the beginning of a lifelong love of hockey; for others, it was an escape from the brutal living conditions and abuse at the residential school. 


In Beyond the Rink, Alexandra Giancarlo, Janice Forsyth, and Braden Te Hiwi collaborate with three surviving team members—Kelly Bull, Chris Cromarty, and David Wesley—to share the complex legacy behind the 1951 tour photos. This book reveals the complicated role of sports in residential school histories, commemorating the team’s stellar hockey record and athletic prowess while exposing important truths about “Canada’s Game” and how it shaped ideas about the nation. By considering their past, these Survivors imagine a better way forward not just for themselves, their families, and their communities, but for Canada as a whole.


Published in 2025 by the University of Manitoba Press.

Our co-Authors

Kelly Bull

Chris Cromarty

Chris Cromarty

Kelly is Ojibway from Obizhigokaang (Lac Seul First Nation), is a fluent Ojibway speaker, and is a member of the Bear Clan. He attended Pelican Falls Residential School for eight years and Shingwauk Residential School for six years. To cope with the oppressive and abusive conditions at school, which he entered at age six, he sought refuge in sport and recreation. After graduation, he became a strong advocate for sports and recreation in Indigenous communities and worked for Grand Council Treaty #9 as their Recreation Director. Career highlights include forming the Ontario Aboriginal Sports Council and being a founder of the North American Indigenous Games, the premier sporting event for Indigenous youth in North America. With his wife and cherished life partner, Greta, Kelly has two children. He also has one granddaughter. He lives in Timmins, Ontario. 

Chris Cromarty

Chris Cromarty

Chris Cromarty

Chris Cromarty  is an elder of Wunnumin Lake First Nation. He was born in Big Trout  Lake in 1937 to Eila and Issac Cromarty and lived there until he was eight years of age. He attended Pelican Falls Indian Residential School from 1945-1952 and Shingwauk Indian Residential School from 1952-1956. In 1994 Chris became the acting director of the health department at  Wunnumin.  In the late 1990s, he was the first board chair of the  amalgamated Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre, working in  the health field until his retirement. He remains actively involved with foster parenting.

David Wesley

Chris Cromarty

David Wesley

David Wesley hails from Fort Albany First Nation. He attended Pelican Lake Indian Residential School and Shingwauk Indian Residential School until Grade 8 but Indian Affairs did not allow him to further his education. Considered one of the star players on the Black Hawks, David went on to play for the Port Arthur North Stars and then the Port Arthur Bearcats where he was Rookie of the Year. A severe head injury dashed his dreams of playing professionally, though hockey continued to be a part of his life. He was closely involved in building a hockey arena in Cochenour, near where he worked as the mine’s Native Employment Coordinator. He resides in Thunder Bay with his wife, Elise.

reviews

"These three survivors—Kelly, David, and Chris—inspire us not only for what they have done for their communities in the aftermath of the residential school system but also for how crucial hockey and sports are in bringing Indigenous communities together, like we see in the Little NHL Tournament. Our history and the lessons we’ve learned are vital, and Beyond the Rink does an excellent job of highlighting this."


Ted Nolan, former NHL Player & Coach, Olympic Coach, and author of Life in Two Worlds: A Coach's Journey from the Reserve to the NHL and Back (2024)

"On its face, Beyond the Rink is a compelling story of a residential school hockey team from northern Ontario touring Ottawa and Toronto in the 1950s. But it is much more than that: with a National Film Board photographer accompanying them every step of the way, the players are props in a public relations exercise meant to obscure the true conditions in residential schools. This is an unflinching and nuanced look behind the PR veil, a story of loss, triumph, perseverance, tragedy, and memory. It is also a detailed account of the machinery of residential schools and the trauma they inflicted. And it is a revealing look at the power of photographs, which can be used to both illuminate and mislead. At its heart, Beyond the Rink is the story of twelve Indigenous hockey players, who, like their white counterparts, loved the game for the thrill of competition, but also as an escape from the relentless control and exploitation they faced on a daily basis, even if they were being exploited while doing it. This is the story of twelve boys, told through the lens of three of them, trapped in a world they barely understood, a world that was not the least bit interested in understanding them, and in many ways still isn’t."


Gord Miller, TSN

“The authors have spent decades working with the Survivors whose stories they share and centre in this book. Beyond the Rink, Behind the Image does not simply tell the story of a hockey team; it demonstrates how sport within the context of residential schools was a tool of colonization.”


Karen Froman, University of Winnipeg, author of The White Man’s Camera: The National Film Board of Canada and Representations of Indigenous Peoples in Post-War Canada (PhD diss., 2021)

“It is difficult to overstate the significance of this book. The scholarship is sound as well as original in context and content, and Survivor testimony is respected and communicated in a theoretically sophisticated way.”


Travis Hay, Mount Royal University, author of Inventing the Thrifty Gene: The Science of Settler Colonialism (2021)

Media

Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press, book commentary by Barry Craig, "Pulling back the veil: Residential school hockey tour masked suffering Indigenous children," June 7, 2025.

CBC Fresh Air

Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press

CBC Fresh Air, "Beyond the Rink: Behind the Images of Residential School Hockey sets the record straight," with David Wesley and son Bradley, May 24, 2025.

CBC News

Winnipeg Free Press

CBC News

CBC News, "New book about hockey team from Pelican Lake Indian Residential School set for Thunder Bay launch," May 15, 2025.